Already attracted by history as a high school student, General André Bach saw his inclination for this subject assert itself in Saint-Cyr in contact with Henry Contamine and reading Guy Pedroncini. The master's degree in history that he completed as part of his training as a commissioned officer and the three years he spent as professor of history and strategy at the École supérieure de guerre confirmed his inclination.

"If I asked people what they wanted, they'd say, 'Better cars.'" this reflection by Henry Ford effectively illustrates the problem facing representatives of the doctrinal community when they meet in 2013 to develop a first draft of the exploratory Scorpio doctrine. Although doctrine follows a process of regular adaptation, it is often based on an observation, relying on tried and tested operating methods to translate them into standards applicable by all forces and allowing interoperability between several players, among other things.

Dhe Corps was rigid in adapting the Board of Directors to the battle...

The need to give the army corps a less rigid structure became apparent as soon as it came to conducting offensive actions. The two organic divisions were indeed insufficient to conduct attacks on a front and of sufficient depth: 3, 4, sometimes 5 divisions were considered necessary for an army corps.

In order to preserve its workforce, Pétain very quickly obtained from the H.Q.G. that the large units making up the Second Army should not be organic, but that all the infantry divisions of the French army should turn to Verdun, so as to maintain a permanently high level of operational capability, with only the armature of the army corps remaining permanent.

A joint posture adaptable to the level of threat, the TPP covers all the measures taken by the armed forces as part of the strategic function of "protection" for the land environment. It is organised on the basis of the existing system, in particular the OTIAD chain, and aims to propose a different sequencing for reaction, particularly in the event of a major crisis on national territory (NT). It is part of the CEMA's "renewed strategy".

Since its creation in 1804 by Napoleon to perfect the divisional system which was the keystone of the organization of the Grande Armée, the Corps has always been the major level of conception and battle management, the "Corps d'Armée".The Corps has always been the major level of battle design and conduct, with the Army at the hinge of the tactical to the higher levels, operational and strategic, and the division generally relegated to the level of execution of the maneuver designed by the Corps.

Boulogne 1804. Napoleon creates the corps. The Napoleonic Battle

At the time of the constitution of the Grande Armée, following the rupture of the Peace of Amiens in 1803, the Emperor sought to reorganize it at his hand. Although the divisional system had proved its worth, it was incomplete, in that it multiplied Napoleon's direct subordinates far too many times...

Since the major computer attacks that have made their mark, (Bronze Soldier in Estonia in 2007, Stuxnet in Iran, discovered in 2010, or Wannacry which affected nearly 200,000 entities worldwide in 2016), cybersecurity is now a growing concern. A significant increase in attacks, mostly related to the world of cybercrime but also to States, has been observed. As a result, many solutions for protection, threat anticipation, detection, anti-virus or other anti-spyware are being proposed by companies that are scrambling to occupy a place in this promising market. However, software protection is incomplete without physical protection.

Since the 2000s, the various official texts relating to national defence and security - White Paper, Strategic Review, Military Planning Law - have emphasised "knowledge and anticipation" as a strategic function of the Armed Forces. To ensure this strategic function, and with the aim of guaranteeing the operational superiority of French forces, information control and the optimisation of defence information systems have become major challenges for the Armed Forces. The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is today changing the use of information systems and data processing. Often described as a cyber vulnerability, AI is also an opportunity in the field of cybersecurity.

Since 2013, the White Paper on Defence and National Security states that cyberspace is now a fully-fledged confrontation field, while our strategy is designed to ensure that our national sovereignty can be exercised and respected. Beyond words and the nature of cyberspace, a very tangible reality is emerging where States and powerful groups are assuming the expression of their territoriality in this new space. In this tumultuous context, it is therefore becoming essential for France, and the Ministry of the Armed Forces in particular, to conduct cyber defence operations.