Finally, the real question is that after a century of battles, terrifying confrontations, irreparable clashes, can the communist collectivist version of power and society be compatible with that of the liberal-capitalist society?

Professor Françoise THIBAUT details the global stakes of the meetings over the next few months, the smiles and handshakes, the hugs and round tables.

As part of the interministerial policy of Defence Engagement, British defence cooperation has shown renewed ambition since the Brexit vote in June 2016. Battalion Commander Jean-Hugues Delhumeau shows that the new structures created within the British Army in its land-based version offer, particularly in Africa, new opportunities for Franco-British cooperation with local armies.

In an environment where the effects of cumulative electromagnetic radiation are unknown, and where mobile and WiFi data traffic is growing exponentially, Battalion Commander Clara Vahramian considered thatConsiders that the responsibility for prevention lies not only with manufacturers and telecommunications companies, but also with users, who must behave sensibly when dealing with radiating devices.

The unprecedented development of satellite activity around the world requires new rules and new means to guarantee its security and viability. At a time when new economic players are planning to increase their presence in space and when military confrontations may become a reality, the question of orbital debris and space traffic is being raised. Squadron Leader DELPRAT considers that improving the surveillance and recognition of orbital objects is thus becoming a strategic issue.

Developments in the field of information and communication technologies have spread so rapidly that they have been adopted without measuring the full extent of what is at stake. Recent events have shown us the risks associated with the uncontrolled use of these systems. For States, the major risk linked to these technologies can go as far as a significant loss of independence. The purpose of this article is to popularize this issue in order to make the reader aware of the need for human and financial efforts to be made in cyber defence.

In 2011, a picture goes around the world: it is the President of the United States of America, Barack Obama, watching live from the White House the "Neptune Spears" operation to neutralize the terrorist leader OsamaBin Laden. Illustrating the ability of the political and strategic level to order a 'short loop' operation at the tactical level, it also embodies the major risk of interference from higher levels in the tactical conduct of operations.

Does the technological disruption caused today by NBICs[1] present risks for traditional command, calling into question its effectiveness?

While this break may seem threatening to the exercise of the profession of military leadership, it actually represents a real opportunity to facilitate the return of command to the front line, made possible by the probable and necessary evolution of traditional command structures.

In view of the current and future developments in the context of warfare, and the concerns generated by the major advances promised by the NBICs, the contemporary technological break thus appears to the military leader as a new way of commanding from the front, which might have seemed outdated.

1] Nanotechnologies, biotechnologies, artificial intelligence and cognitive sciences.

The nature of the war has completely changed in a very short period of time. Professor Françoise THIBAUT shows that the inclusion of hypertechnology in conflicts in some way dispossesses humans of their own weapons with the undeniable mental domination of robots, the "robot", the "human being".The existence of the totalitarianism of technology and irrational choices, and finally, that the irruption of artificial intelligence raises complex (perhaps excessive) questions, as it does every time there is an irruption of any innovative novelty.

It seems unnecessary to insist on the need for a method of reasoning. Every problem is reasoned, and no one can claim to find a complete acceptable solution without having thoroughly studied all aspects. In the end, intuition alone proves insufficient, sometimes dangerous and disappointing in its results.

Irregular warfare is not new. Four centuries B.C.E., Sun Zi had already theorized them in his Thirteen Articles on the Art of War. In the tenth century, the Byzantine emperor Nicephorus Phokas dedicated a treatise to them. In 1808, the Spanish guerrilla warfare against Napoleon recalled their possibilities. At the height of the Cold War, Major G. Brossolet^[1] had even suggested its use against the waves of communist assaults on Western Europe.

Since the Vietnam War, however, American strategists have been using a new word for them: asymmetry. Since then, the term has been used as a thought-provoking term and has since led to the definition of a new concept. In 1995, the Pentagon incorporated it into its joint doctrine.^[2]. Today, it roughly characterizes a war from "weak to strong"...^[3].

1] "Essayon Non-Battle," Commander G. Brossolet, 1975

[2] As part of the "Armyafter Next" program...

3] "Asymmetrical warfare or the defeat of the winner", J. Baud, 2003.

In the context of current humanitarian crises, all actors in theatres of operation are now faced with the need to devise a security strategy in collaboration with the armed forces.