The "reorganization" of the German Armed Forces currently under way can be regarded as the major reform of the Bundeswehr since the 1990s. This reform, conceived in 2010 by German Defence Minister Karl-Theodor zu Gutenberg, launched by his successor Thomas de Maizière in 2011 and continued by Ursula von der Leyen, affects both the structures and the modes of action of the German Armed Forces. Of course, it also concerns the area of logistical support, in particular with the publication of the Bundeswehr Concept on 1 July 2013 and the signing of the Bundeswehr Logistics Subconcept on 22 April 2015.

The situation in Libya remains as problematic as ever, with a country divided and controlled by militias. This leaves the field relatively open to the establishment of terrorist groups such as Daech or Al Mourabitoune... What are the security issues for regional stability posed by the establishment of these groups at a crossroads between Europe and Africa?

The previous issue of the Papers described the vision of the US Army in the field of robotics. It was therefore more than normal to describe the future of robots in the Army, including in the conduct of operations.

At a time when artificial intelligence, the big data, connected objects give the exchange ofinformation exchange on a scale unprecedented in human history, the virtual world has taken on considerable importance, particularly for armies. The power of cyber means is such that many journalists and observers of the military world wonder about the parallel that could be drawn between nuclear deterrence and cyber.

"One must act as a man of thought and think as a man of action." This totality ofman according to Bergson could easily suit the military leader who, not only must reason his manoeuvre in all the direct and indirect, active and passive dimensions contributing to the attainment of the strategic objective sought, but who, above all, mustact in awareness of the city's recovery once the situation has stabilized and peace has returned.

In May 2013, Hezbollah publicly acknowledged its military aid to the Syrian regime of Bashar al-Assad. This military intervention outside its borders earned it national and international blacklisting. The purpose of this study is to analyse the reasons that led Hezbollah to take what appears to be a very dangerous decision, as well as the reasons that allow it to benefit today from its involvement in Syria.

Are the GTIAs contemporary versions of the autonomous Mobile Groups (GM) of the Indochina War? For the authors of this article, the answer to this question is yes. Indeed, the GTIA, tactical manoeuvre pawns with a modular structure, draw their strength from the proven commitment and flexibility of the MGs, while benefiting from a well-established doctrine of use and being enhanced by the modernity of their equipment. These assets are highlighted by the "GTIA SCORPION" project.

Les Cahiers had not published "Nouvelles d'outre-Rhin" since issues 29 (situation report on the Army, by the head of the French liaison detachment in Cologne) and 36 (sociological evolution of the defence tool, by a German researcher). This delay is caught up thanks to Colonel Philippe Seigneur, who gives us a particularly complete and precise description of the German defence and its army in 2017.

Today's investment in the SARs should enable the US Army to meet three major challenges. Firstly, the ever-increasing rate of modernization of the adversary, including the ability tos stand-off[1] capabilities, then the ever-increasing and innovative use of RAS by the adversary, and finally the constraints of the future environment, especially in ultra-dense urban areas where communications means will work at the limit of their potential[2]. The research and acquisition strategy is divided into three phases, in the short, medium and long term.

1] Ability to fire from a distance that allows to remain out of range of an immediate replica of the target.

2] See studies and writings on the Megacities.

Françoise Thibaut gives us with her usual strength of conviction a personal vision of the evolution of war over the centuries. Without excluding the possibility of maintaining "classic" or "dematerialized" conflicts (increasingly automated remote strikes), she sees the emergence of a new type of war, "real... soft and silent": digital and computer warfare. New technologies are of course taking an overwhelming place in this evolution, and the last type of war described allows the author to lay the foundations of his concept of "technological appropriation of the adversary".