Already established empirically in 1870, the army as an organically constituted echelon of command did not appear in France for the first time operationally until 1914. With the introduction of the army group level in 1915, the Army found itself at the crossroads of the tactical (corps and division) and operational domains that this new level of command constituted.

Why this strong military interest in cities? Colonel Franc shows that the answer is complex, has as much to do with conjunctural as with structural reasons, and evolves according to periods of history.

New technologies are no longer reserved for countries at the cutting edge of progress. Dual technologies and the rise of innovations in the civil field, such as 3D printing for example, make it very easy to find cheap materials to get closer to the desired effect.

The Middle East is shaken by conflicts or military interventions on its soil, now involving actors at the cutting edge of defence technology.

The demands of combat for the soldier, or for the rugby player, require more than ever (albeit to different degrees) to rely on values such as: combativeness, a sense of sacrifice, fraternity.

If there is one team sport where the symbolism of war is regularly invoked, it is rugby. It is not uncommon to find the metaphor spun from the fight during a match, in the flood of media commentary. One player will be compared to a shadow warrior, one will admire the way another has set the opposing defence to allow his comrade to take the interval and run away. The heroic defence of a team that has deployed barbed wire is also to be praised for not giving in to the opposing waves of attack.

What's this all about? The Treatise of the Five Wheels is a work of strategy and tactics written at the end of his life by Miyamoto Musashi (1645). It is the result of an introspection of his past and experience. The treatise brings together principles that the famous samurai applied to the practice of the martial art in which he excelled (ken-jutsu), explaining that what is written in his manual applies to one man as well as to a thousand fighters.

Since Vladimir Putin came to power in 1999, the government has tended to rehabilitate the prestige of its army. Indeed, if the Soviet officers were erected as heroes, victorious over Nazi Germany, the fall of the USSR has tarnished the image of the army. In a context of economic and social crisis leading to a reduction in defence spending, military personnel were living in dramatic conditions. In 1997, researcher Elisabeth Sieca-Kozlowski testified: "The Russian army is a malnourished, poorly housed, disoriented, trampled, abandoned army, whose primary objective is no longer to maintain its combat capability but to subsist by all means. "1] Once adulated, the officer has lost his prestige and has become a social, economic and identity issue. How has the Russian government contributed to improving the image of the officer and the army in general since the end of the USSR?

For General Hubin, the fundamental change lies in the density of means capable of controlling a given space [39]. Dispersion responds to a double constraint, the cost of the units (each new generation of equipment proves to be 2 to 8 times more expensive than the previous one [40]), on the one hand, and the precision of indirect fires, on the other hand. The first phase of the global maneuver leads to a battle for information, again due to a double constraint.

Synthesis and critical approach of General Guy Hubin's "Tactical Perspectives".